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Throughout the southern coastline of the Caspian sea, lies the rainiest and the most humid region of Iran. The Alborz mountains which stand in a little distance parallel to the coast, are a natural block against the huge amount of clouds originating from the Caspian sea and moving toward the Central plateau of Iran. The rainfalls and humidity resulting from this natural phenomenon create the densest and the most beautiful broad-leaf forests of Iran in a width of 20 to 70 kilometers, representing the southernmost limit of Euro-Siberian floral elements.

While Ascending the sandy coasts of the Caspian sea to the high Alborz mountains, agricultural lands and spread wetlands can be seen in the flat steppes. Dense forests start from the low slopes and cover the mountains up to 2700 meters from the sea level. From there on, one first notices the small shrubs, then bush lands, grasslands and finally, bare mountain slopes. The Caspian forests are to be known as a living museum of plants originating before the European ice age, consisting of very valuable tree species.

The wildlife of this region, is also very much influenced by the European fauna; therefore, several species of European bird fauna live in this area. The common mammals of the Caspian include Red Deer, Brown Bear, Wild Bore, Roe Deer and Panther.

The people of this region are of "Gil" race and speak the "Gilaki" dialect of the Farsi language. Most of them live by fishing and farming.